这是我们课程中使用的Python句法(重新排序). 这是可打印的pdf文档.
3 * 4, 3 + 4, 3 - 4, 3 / 4 #==> 12, 7, -1, 0.75
3 ** 4, 3 // 4, 3 % 4 #==> 81, 0, 3
4 > 3, 4 >= 3, 3 == 3.0, 3 != 4, 3 <= 4 #==> True, True, True, True, True
# 运算顺序：括号, **, {* / // %}, {+ -}, {== != <= < > >=}
min(3, 4), max(3, 4), abs(-10) #==> 3, 4, 10
sum([1, 2, 3]) # [1, 2, 3]是一个列表 #==> 6
type(3), type(3.0), type("myVariable") #==> class 'int', class 'float',
# class 'str'
int("4"+"0"), float(3), str(1 / 2) #==> 40, 3.0, '0.5'
"double quotes: ', escaped \" \\ \'" #==> double quotes: ', escaped " \ '
'it\'s "similar" in single quotes ' #==> it's "similar" in single quotes
ord("A"), chr(66) #==> 65, 'B'
string = "hello"
# 下列语句也适用于列表
len(string) #==> 5
string[0], string[4] # 得到字符 #==> "h", "o"
string[1:3] # 得到一个子字符串#==> "el"
string[:2], string[2:] # l/r 子字符串 #==> "he", "llo"
string[-1], string[-2:] # 负索引 #==> "o", "lo"
"con" + "cat" + "enation " + str(123) #==> "concatenation 123"
"boo" * 2 #==> "booboo"
getLineOfInputAsString = input() #==> 读入输入 (或者 EOF 错误)
print("takes", 0, "or more arguments") #==> takes 0 or more arguments
print("using", "custom", "sep", sep=".") #==> using.custom.sep
print("no", "newline", end="bye") #==> no newlinebye
not True, False or True, False and True #==> False, True, False
# 运算顺序：括号, {== !=}, not, and, or
if booleanCondition:
x # 缩进主体
x # 主体中的每一行缩进程度一致
elif anotherCondition: # elif不必须出现，使用次数无限制
x # 缩进
else: # 可自行选择是否添加else
x # 缩进
while booleanCondition:
x # 主体
break # 跳出循环（可选)
continue # 从下一次迭代重新开始(可选)
for indexVariable in range(low, highPlus):
print(indexVariable) #==> low, low+1, ..., highPlus-1
# "for item in listOrString:" forall/foreach 循环
# break, continue可以用在for循环
def nameOfNewFunction(argument1, argument2):
x # 主体
return y # (可选;如果你不返还,方程默认返还None)
def remember(bar): # 写入全局变量
global saveBar # 在调用foo(3)后, saveBar = 3
saveBar = bar # 即使超出函数的范围
# 这些“切割”指令在列表和range() 中十分相似
"0123456789"[::2] # 切割 #==> "02468"
"0123456789"[::-1] # 颠倒 #==> "9876543210"
"0123456789"[6:3:-1] #==> "654"
x += 1 # 也可以是 -=, /=, *=, %=, **=, //=. Python没有C++-的设定"x++"
x, y = y, x # 多个指定
3 < x < 5 # 与"(3 < x) and (x < 5)"一致. can chain {< <= > >= == != is}
import math # 输入一个模块,使用“.”（英文句号）来使用math下的函数
print(math.sqrt(2))
from math import sqrt # 输入一个模块,无需“.”使用方程
print(sqrt(2))
# math模块还有以下函数: pi, exp, log, sin, cos, tan, ceil, floor等等
list = ['zero', 'one', 'two']
list.index('one') #==> 1
list.index('three') #==> 导致错误
'three' in list, 'zero' in list #==> False, True
list.count('two') #==> 1
del list[1] # 列表变成 ['zero', 'two']
"string" in "superstring" #==> True
"superstring".index("string") #==> 5
# 其他列表运算函数: append(item), insert(item, index), extend(list),
# remove(value), pop(), pop(index), reverse(), sort()等等
# 一些字符串函数: capitalize(), lower/upper(), islower/isupper(),
# isalpha/isdigit(), center/ljust/rjust(width, fillChar), strip(), split(),
# splitlines(), endswith/startswith(string), find(string), replace(old, new)
# 等等
myList = [11, 99]
actuallyTheSameList = myList # 不是彻底地复制!只是复制了引用
myList is actuallyTheSameList #==> True
realCopy = myList[:] # 或者list(myList), copy.copy(myList), deepcopy
realCopy is myList #==> False
