{"id":9986,"date":"2017-05-18T02:09:50","date_gmt":"2017-05-18T06:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/?page_id=9986"},"modified":"2017-07-16T08:34:18","modified_gmt":"2017-07-16T12:34:18","slug":"13-pl","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/13-pl\/","title":{"rendered":"13: Listy"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- Please retain this notice and add more notes if you create a new version.<br \/>\nOriginal lesson author: David Pritchard, daveagp@gmail.com, http:\/\/cscircles.ca<br \/>\nLicense: http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/-->\n<p><strong>Lista<\/strong> jest sekwencj\u0105 kilku zmiennych, zgrupowanych pod jedn\u0105 nazw\u0105. Zamiast pisa\u0107 program z wieloma zmiennymi <code>x0<\/code>, <code>x1<\/code>, <code>x2<\/code>, ... mo\u017cna zdefiniowa\u0107 pojedyncz\u0105 zmienn\u0105 x i uzyska\u0107 dost\u0119p do jej element\u00f3w <code>x[0]<\/code>, <code>x[1]<\/code>, <code>x[2]<\/code> itd. Co wa\u017cniejsze, mo\u017cna umie\u015bci\u0107 inne wyra\u017cenia i zmienne wewn\u0105trz nawias\u00f3w kwadratowych, takich jak <code>x[i]<\/code> i <code>x[i+1]<\/code>. Pozwala to radzi\u0107 sobie z dowolnie du\u017cymi zbiorami danych przy u\u017cyciu tylko jednego ma\u0142ego kodu.<br \/>\nJednym ze sposob\u00f3w utworzenia listy jest otoczenie nawiasami kwadratowymi kilku warto\u015bci oddzielonych przecinkami:<\/p>\n<pre>myList = [\"the first value in the list\", 1999, 4.5]<\/pre>Spowoduje to utworzenie listy o nazwie <code>myList<\/code> o d\u0142ugo\u015bci 3. Ka\u017cdy element listy otrzymuje numer zwany <strong>indeksem<\/strong>: element pocz\u0105tkowy ma indeks 0, nast\u0119pny element ma indeks 1 i tak dalej. Poszczeg\u00f3lne zmienne zawieraj\u0105ce list\u0119 maj\u0105 nazwy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><code>\u00ablistName\u00bb[\u00abindexNumber\u00bb]<\/code><\/p>\n<p>W tym przyk\u0142adzie <code>myList[0]<\/code> to zmienna, kt\u00f3rej warto\u015bci\u0105 jest \u0142a\u0144cuch <code>\"the first value in the list\"<\/code> i <code>print(myList[2])<\/code> <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/console\/?consolecode=myList%20%3D%20%5B%22the%20first%20value%20in%20the%20list%22%2C%201999%2C%204.5%5D%0Aprint%28myList%5B2%5D%29\" target=\"_blank\">spowoduje wydruk<\/a> <code>4.5<\/code>. Mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zmienia\u0107 warto\u015bci element\u00f3w na li\u015bcie i wydrukowa\u0107 ca\u0142e listy:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform0\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox0'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Aktualizowanie i drukowanie listy.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode0' id='usercode0'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nnumbers = ['zero', 'one', 'two']\nnumbers[0] = 'zilch'\nprint(numbers)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory0' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit0' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(0)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(0,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse0\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"0\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"d82a0deb4b4717421add40670f2e07b9\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults0' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit0\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse0\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Jak wida\u0107 <code>numbers[0]<\/code> traktowane jest  jak zmienna: ma warto\u015b\u0107 i mo\u017cna j\u0105 zmieni\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00f3buj przewidzie\u0107 ko\u0144cowy stan wizualizowanego przyk\u0142adu poni\u017cej, a nast\u0119pnie por\u00f3wnaj go ze stanem uzyskanym po uruchomieniu kodu.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width='100%' height='480' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/OnlinePythonTutor3-cemc\/iframe-embed.html#code=myList+%3D+%5B1%2C+10%2C+100%2C+1000%5D%0Afor+i+in+range%280%2C+2%29%3A%0A++myList%5Bi%5D+%3D+2%2AmyList%5Bi%5D%2Bi&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=false&drawParentPointers=false&textReferences=false&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0&resizeContainer=true&highlightLines&width=350&rightStdout=1'><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dobrze! Sp\u00f3jrz na instrukcje przypisania (druga linia). Warto\u015b\u0107 rzeczy [3] po prawej stronie wynosi 12. Po lewej stronie rzeczy [0] to 2, wi\u0119c rzeczy [stuff [0]] odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do zmiennych [2]. Warto\u015b\u0107 tej zmiennej jest aktualizowana (od 80) do 12.<\/p>\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral' id='pybox1'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Multiple Choice Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Meta-Rzeczy<\/span><\/div><div>Jaki b\u0119dzie wynik nast\u0119pnego fragmentu kodu? <\/p>\n<pre>stuff = [2, 25, 80, 12]<br\/>stuff[stuff[0]] = stuff[3]<br\/>print(stuff)<\/pre> <\/div><label>Your choice: <\/label><select id=\"pyselect1\"><option value=\"d\" selected>Select one<\/option><option value=\"w\">[12, 25, 80, 12]<\/option><option value=\"w\">[2, 25, 80, 12]<\/option><option value=\"r\">[2, 25, 12, 12]<\/option><option value=\"w\">Ten fragment kodu powoduje b\u0142\u0105d.<\/option><option value=\"w\">[2, 25, 80, 80]<\/option><\/select><div class='pyboxbuttons'><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"slug\" value=\"13.indexindex\"\/><input type='submit' style='margin:5px;' value='Check answer' onClick='pbMultiCheck(1)'\/><\/div><div class=\"pbresults\" id=\"pyMultiResults1\"><\/div><div class=\"epilogue\">Dobrze! Sp\u00f3jrz na instrukcj\u0119 przypisania (druga linia). Warto\u015b\u0107 <code>stuff[3]<\/code> po prawej stronie wynosi <code>12<\/code>. Po lewej stronie, <code>stuff[0]<\/code> wynosi <code>2<\/code>, wi\u0119c <code>stuff[stuff[0]]<\/code> odnosi si\u0119 do zmiennej <code>stuff[2]<\/code>. Warto\u015b\u0107 tej zmiennej jest aktualizowana (z <code>80<\/code> do <code>12<\/code>).<\/div><\/div>\n<p><table class='pywarn'><tr><td class='pywarnleft'><img src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/warning.png'\/><\/td><td class='pywarnright'><span> To, co Python nazywa\u00a0<strong>list\u0105<\/strong> w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci innych j\u0119zyk\u00f3w programowania, jest nazywane <strong>tablic\u0105<\/strong>. Python ma te\u017c <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.python.org\/py3k\/library\/array.html\">co\u015b<\/a> innego &amp; bardziej zaawansowane, co nazywa tablicami. <\/span><\/td><\/table><\/p>\n<h3>Typowy b\u0142\u0105d<\/h3>\n<p>Je\u015bli spr\u00f3bujesz zapyta\u0107 Pythona o indeks, kt\u00f3ry nie istnieje, otrzymasz b\u0142\u0105d:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform2\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox2'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>B\u0142\u0105d - \"out-of-range\".<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode2' id='usercode2'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nmyList=[1, 2, 4, 8]\nprint(myList[4])<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory2' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit2' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(2)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(2,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse2\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"2\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"d236bc08f9f6bf1c1ceac57fa1675129\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults2' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit2\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse2\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>W powy\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie, poniewa\u017c <code>myList<\/code> ma d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 4, a pierwszy indeks wynosi 0, maksymalny mo\u017cliwy indeks to 3. Pytanie o indeks 4, 5 lub co\u015b wi\u0119kszego powoduje ten rodzaj b\u0142\u0119du.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 23px; line-height: 35px;\">Zwyk\u0142e u\u017cyteczne operacje<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>D\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 Listy: <code>len(\u00ablist\u00bb)<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>Aby okre\u015bli\u0107 liczb\u0119 element\u00f3w na li\u015bcie, wywo\u0142ujemy na tej li\u015bcie funkcj\u0119 <code>len()<\/code>. Sprawd\u017a, w jaki spos\u00f3b <code>range<\/code> jest u\u017cywany w poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform3\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox3'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Uzyskanie d\u0142ugo\u015bci listy i u\u017cycie jej do iteracji po li\u015bcie..<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 110px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode3' id='usercode3'  cols=10 rows=4 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 110px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nmyList = [3, 12, \"pizza\", 3, 4]\nprint(\"myList has length\", len(myList))\nfor i in range(0, len(myList)):\n  print(\"item at index\", i, \":\", myList[i])<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory3' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit3' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(3)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(3,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse3\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"3\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"f3dbb38901f088264cb9c514967aa74e\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults3' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit3\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse3\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>W trakcie pisania kodu zazwyczaj u\u017cywamy polecenie len, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce pracowa\u0107 na listach o dowolnej d\u0142ugo\u015bci, jak w powy\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie i w nast\u0119pnym \u0107wiczeniu.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform4\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox4'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Ma\u0142pa w \u015arodku<\/span><\/div>Napisz funkcj\u0119 <code>middle(L)<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra przyjmuje list\u0119 <code>L<\/code> jako swoje argumenty i zwraca element  ze <em>\u015brodkowej<\/em> pozycji <code>L<\/code>. (Aby \u015brodek by\u0142 dobrze zdefiniowany, nale\u017cy za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce <code>L<\/code> ma nieparzyst\u0105 d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107.) Na przyk\u0142ad , wywo\u0142anie <code>middle([8, 0, 100, 12, 1])<\/code) powinno zwraca\u0107 <code>100<\/code>, poniewa\u017c znajduje si\u0119 dok\u0142adnie w \u015brodku listy.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode4' id='usercode4'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\ndef...\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory4' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div name=\"pyinput\" id=\"pyinput4\">Enter testing statements like <code>print(myfunction(\"test argument\"))<\/code> below.<div class=\"pyboxTextwrap resizy\" style=\"height: 102px;\" ><textarea wrap=\"off\" name=\"userinput\" class=\"pyboxInput\" cols=10 rows=4><\/textarea><\/div><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' id='defaultCode4' value='def...\\n'><\/input>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit4' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='switch' id=\"switch4\" value=\"Input Switch\" onclick=\"pbInputSwitch(4,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(4)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(4,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect4' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='history' data-pbonclick=\"historyClick(4,'13.middle')\" >History<\/option>\n<option name='default' data-pbonclick=\"pbSetText(4,descape($('#defaultCode4').val()))\" >Reset code to default<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(4);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse4\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"4\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"adf99e95c07907bd63188558bca9d7a1\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults4' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(4);});pbInputSwitch(4,\"Y\");<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Czy listy s\u0105 takie same jak \u0142a\u0144cuchy?<\/h3>\n<p>W tym momencie mo\u017cna zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce operacje na listach s\u0105 takie same jak na \u0142a\u0144cuchach: obie mo\u017cna przekaza\u0107 do funkcji <code>len()<\/code> w celu uzyskania ich d\u0142ugo\u015bci, obie korzystaj\u0105 z <code>X[\u00abindex\u00bb]<\/code> do wyodr\u0119bnienia poszczeg\u00f3lnych element\u00f3w. Listy i \u0142a\u0144cuchy s\u0105 rzeczywi\u015bcie powi\u0105zane: obie w Pythonie s\u0105 to \"<a href=\"http:\/\/docs.python.org\/py3k\/library\/stdtypes.html?highlight=sequence#sequence-types-str-bytes-bytearray-list-tuple-range\">typy sekwencji<\/a>\". Jedn\u0105 z g\u0142\u00f3wnych r\u00f3\u017cnic jest to, \u017ce nie mo\u017cna w \u0142a\u0144cuchach zmienia\u0107 pojedynczych znak\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform5\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox5'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>B\u0142\u0105d spowodowany pr\u00f3b\u0105 przypisania warto\u015bci do znaku w \u0142a\u0144cuchu.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode5' id='usercode5'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nword='slack'\nprint(word, word[1])\nword[1]='n'<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory5' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit5' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(5)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(5,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse5\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"5\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"071e91b26fabcbb7947f2acafc8ec3ec\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults5' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit5\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse5\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Z tego powodu listy nazywane s\u0105 typem <em>zmiennym<\/em>, a \u0142a\u0144cuchy <em>niezmiennym<\/em>; Zobaczysz wi\u0119cej informacji na ten temat w lekcji 17.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0141\u0105czenie i Tworzenie<\/h3>\n<p>Z <a href=\"\/7a-pl\/\">lekcji<\/a> o typie <code>str<\/code>wiemy, \u017ce mo\u017cliwe jest u\u017cycie <code>+<\/code> do scalenia (<em>\u0142\u0105czenia<\/em>) dw\u00f3ch \u0142a\u0144cuch\u00f3w. Mo\u017cesz to samo robi\u0107 z listami:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform6\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox6'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>\u0141\u0105czenie list z u\u017cyciem <code>+<\/code>.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode6' id='usercode6'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nlistA = [3, 'go', 7.1]\nlistB = [4, 'hi', 1]\nlistC = listA + listB\nprint(len(listC))\nprint(listC)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory6' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit6' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(6)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(6,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse6\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"6\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"9de0c01c5030f213b37d8ba3491ec8f8\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults6' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit6\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse6\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Podobnie mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 symbolu mno\u017cenia <code>*<\/code> do rozszerzenia listy przez jej powt\u00f3rzenie. Jest to u\u017cyteczne przy tworzeniu nowej listy wymaganej d\u0142ugo\u015bci.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform7\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox7'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>U\u017cycie\u00a0<code><code>*<\/code><\/code>.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 110px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode7' id='usercode7'  cols=10 rows=4 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 110px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nmyPhoneNumber = [9, 6, 7] + [1]*4\nprint(myPhoneNumber)\nnewEmptyList = [0]*20\nprint(newEmptyList)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory7' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit7' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(7)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(7,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse7\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"7\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"b3108d3ef8326dc1609d500870b8d584\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults7' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit7\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse7\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Aby rozwi\u0105za\u0107 nast\u0119pne \u0107wiczenie, u\u017cyj jednego z operator\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry w\u0142a\u015bnie wprowadzili\u015bmy i p\u0119tli <code>for<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform8\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox8'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>To Naturalne<\/span><\/div>Napisz funkcj\u0119 <code>naturalNumbers<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra przyjmuje dodatni\u0105 liczb\u0119 ca\u0142kowit\u0105 <code>n<\/code> jako dane wej\u015bciowe i zwraca list\u0119 <code>[1, 2, ...]<\/code> sk\u0142adaj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 z pierwszych <code>n<\/code> liczb naturalnych.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode8' id='usercode8'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory8' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div name=\"pyinput\" id=\"pyinput8\">Enter testing statements like <code>print(myfunction(\"test argument\"))<\/code> below.<div class=\"pyboxTextwrap resizy\" style=\"height: 102px;\" ><textarea wrap=\"off\" name=\"userinput\" class=\"pyboxInput\" cols=10 rows=4><\/textarea><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit8' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='switch' id=\"switch8\" value=\"Input Switch\" onclick=\"pbInputSwitch(8,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(8)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(8,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect8' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='history' data-pbonclick=\"historyClick(8,'13.natural')\" >History<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(8);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse8\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"8\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"00eba7e37d203232cbae315c71f93bf0\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults8' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(8);});pbInputSwitch(8,\"Y\");<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Koniec Linii: Ujemne Indeksy<\/h3>\n<p>Aby pobra\u0107 ostatni element listy, u\u017cyj:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><code>\u00ablistName\u00bb[-1]<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, <code>L[-k]<\/code> zwraca <code>k<\/code>\u2019aty element od ko\u0144ca listy; Python obs\u0142uguje to wewn\u0119trznie przez prze\u0142o\u017cenie na <code>L[len(L)-k]<\/code>. Ten zapis r\u00f3wnie\u017c dzia\u0142a na \u0142a\u0144cuchach!<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform9\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox9'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Palindrom<\/span><\/div><em>Palindrom<\/em> to s\u0142owo, kt\u00f3re jest pisane tak samo do przodu jak do ty\u0142u. Na przyk\u0142ad s\u0142owo <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><code>kajak<\/code><\/p>\n<p> jest palindromem: pierwsze i ostatnie litery s\u0105 takie same (k), drugie i przedostatnie litery s\u0105 takie same (a), itp. Napisz funkcj\u0119 <code>isPalindrome(S)<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra pobiera ci\u0105g S jako wej\u015bcie i zwraca <code>True<\/code> Je\u015bli ci\u0105g jest palindromem, a w przeciwnym wypadku <code>False<\/code>.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode9' id='usercode9'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory9' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div name=\"pyinput\" id=\"pyinput9\">Enter testing statements like <code>print(myfunction(\"test argument\"))<\/code> below.<div class=\"pyboxTextwrap resizy\" style=\"height: 102px;\" ><textarea wrap=\"off\" name=\"userinput\" class=\"pyboxInput\" cols=10 rows=4><\/textarea><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit9' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='switch' id=\"switch9\" value=\"Input Switch\" onclick=\"pbInputSwitch(9,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(9)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(9,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect9' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='history' data-pbonclick=\"historyClick(9,'13.palindrome')\" >History<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(9);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse9\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"9\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"79a795e69884fad3a2932c77e07ced0e\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults9' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(9);});pbInputSwitch(9,\"Y\");<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3><code>max<\/code> i <code>sum<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>Funkcja <code>max<\/code>, kt\u00f3r\u0105 widzieli\u015bmy wcze\u015bniej, mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c zastosowana do listy numer\u00f3w: zwraca najwi\u0119ksz\u0105 liczb\u0119 z listy. Podobnie <code>sum(L)<\/code> zwraca sum\u0119 element\u00f3w z listy <code>L<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform10\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox10'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode10' id='usercode10'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nlist = [3, 10, 4, 9, 0]\nprint(sum(list))\nprint(max(list))<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory10' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit10' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(10)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(10,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse10\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"10\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"8391f798f13bdcc5e3debef1c0636f8c\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults10' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit10\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse10\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform11\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox11'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Iloczyn<\/span><\/div>Zdefiniuj funkcj\u0119 <code>prod(L)<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra zwraca iloczyn  element\u00f3w listy <code>L<\/code>.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode11' id='usercode11'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory11' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div name=\"pyinput\" id=\"pyinput11\">Enter testing statements like <code>print(myfunction(\"test argument\"))<\/code> below.<div class=\"pyboxTextwrap resizy\" style=\"height: 102px;\" ><textarea wrap=\"off\" name=\"userinput\" class=\"pyboxInput\" cols=10 rows=4><\/textarea><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit11' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='switch' id=\"switch11\" value=\"Input Switch\" onclick=\"pbInputSwitch(11,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(11)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(11,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect11' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='history' data-pbonclick=\"historyClick(11,'13.product')\" >History<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(11);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse11\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"11\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"a84ea676c5d7a79a99468fc8925ca7bf\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults11' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(11);});pbInputSwitch(11,\"Y\");<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0119tle poprzez Listy<\/h3>\n<p>Bardzo cz\u0119sto (podobnie jak w poprzednim \u0107wiczeniu) p\u0119tla przechodzi przez ka\u017cd\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 listy. Python umo\u017cliwia skr\u00f3t do wykonania tego typu operacji, nazywanej zwykle p\u0119tl\u0105 <em>\"for all\"<\/em> lub <em>\"for each\"<\/em>. W szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci, gdy L jest list\u0105, ten kod<\/p>\n<pre>for x in L:\r\n  \u00abblok cia\u0142a p\u0119tli\u00bb<\/pre>wykonuje nast\u0119puj\u0105ce czynno\u015bci: na pocz\u0105tek <code>x<\/code> przyjmuje warto\u015b\u0107 pierwszej pozycji z <code>L<\/code>, a cia\u0142o jest wykonywane; nast\u0119pnie <code>x<\/code> przyjmuje drug\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 z <code>L<\/code>, a cia\u0142o jest wykonywane; jest to kontynuowane dla wszystkich pozycji z <code>L<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Oto wizualizowany przyk\u0142ad wydrukowania element\u00f3w listy:<\/p>\n<p><iframe width='100%' height='480' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/OnlinePythonTutor3-cemc\/iframe-embed.html#code=message%3D%5B%27s%27%2C+%27o%27%2C+%27s%27%5D%0Afor+x+in+message%3A%0A++print%28x%29&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=false&drawParentPointers=false&textReferences=false&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0&resizeContainer=true&highlightLines&width=400&rightStdout=1'><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform12\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox12'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'><code>for in<\/code><\/span><\/div>Zdefiniuj funkcj\u0119 <code>prod(L)<\/code> jak poprzednio, ale tym razem, u\u017cywaj\u0105c nowego rodzaju p\u0119tli.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode12' id='usercode12'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory12' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div name=\"pyinput\" id=\"pyinput12\">Enter testing statements like <code>print(myfunction(\"test argument\"))<\/code> below.<div class=\"pyboxTextwrap resizy\" style=\"height: 102px;\" ><textarea wrap=\"off\" name=\"userinput\" class=\"pyboxInput\" cols=10 rows=4><\/textarea><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit12' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='switch' id=\"switch12\" value=\"Input Switch\" onclick=\"pbInputSwitch(12,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(12)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(12,'Y')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect12' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='history' data-pbonclick=\"historyClick(12,'13.foreach')\" >History<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(12);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse12\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"12\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"9ce3c28d9fba6297a35bc9d80720b66a\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults12' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(12);});pbInputSwitch(12,\"Y\");<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>P\u0119tla \"for all\"  r\u00f3wnie\u017c dzia\u0142a na \u0142a\u0144cuchach: spr\u00f3buj\u00a0<code><a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/console\/?consolecode=for%20char%20in%20%22hello%22%3A%20print%28char%29\" target=\"_blank\">dla znaku w \"hello\"<\/a><\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Dobra robota! Mo\u017cesz przej\u015b\u0107 do nast\u0119pnej lekcji lub spr\u00f3bowa\u0107 wykona\u0107 kilka \u0107wicze\u0144 bonusowych poni\u017cej.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><div class='pybox modeNeutral' id='pybox13'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Short Answer Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Tajemnicza Funkcja<\/span><\/div>Jaka b\u0119dzie warto\u015b\u0107 <code>x<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra spowoduje, \u017ce <code>mystery(x)<\/code> b\u0119dzie dzia\u0142a\u0107 bez ko\u0144ca?  <\/p>\n<pre>def mystery(x):<br\/>  a = [0, 4, 0, 3, 2]<br\/>  while x &gt; 0:<br\/>    x = a[x]<br\/>  return \"Done\"<\/pre><label for=\"pyShortAnswer13\">Your answer: <\/label><input type=\"text\" onkeypress=\"{if (event.keyCode==13) pbShortCheck(13)}\" id=\"pyShortAnswer13\"><div class=\"pyboxbuttons\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"type\" value=\"trimmableString\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"correct\" value=\"3\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"slug\" value=\"13.mystery\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type='submit' style='margin:5px;' value='Check answer' onClick = 'pbShortCheck(13)'\/><\/div><div class=\"pbresults\" id=\"pyShortResults13\"><\/div><div class=\"epilogue\">Correct!<\/div><\/div>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform14\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral scramble' id='pybox14'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Scramble Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>\u00e0 la Mode<\/span><\/div> <em>Mode<\/em> listy to element, kt\u00f3ry wyst\u0119puje najcz\u0119\u015bciej (ten, kt\u00f3ry pojawia si\u0119 maksymalnie razy). Rozkoduj poni\u017cszy program, tak aby <code>mode(L)<\/code> prawid\u0142owo wskazywa\u0142o mode, zak\u0142adaj\u0105c, \u017ce <code>L<\/code> to lista numer\u00f3w od 0 do 9. (W naszych testach nie ma dw\u00f3ch liczb, kt\u00f3re osi\u0105gaj\u0105  maksymaln\u0105 cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107).<ul class=\"pyscramble\" name=\"pyscramble\" id=\"pyscramble14\">\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">    if frequency[i]==max(frequency):<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">def mode(L):<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">    frequency[i] = frequency[i] + 1<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">      return i<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">  for i in range(0, 10):<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">  for i in L:<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">  frequency = [0]*10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<input type='hidden' id='usercode14' name='usercode14'\/>\n<div id='pbhistory14' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit14' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse14\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"14\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"eb28fafe2e15b7d63b2120819163c0b8\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults14' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit14\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse14\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lista jest sekwencj\u0105 kilku zmiennych, zgrupowanych pod jedn\u0105 nazw\u0105. Zamiast pisa\u0107 program z wieloma zmiennymi x0, x1, x2, ... mo\u017cna zdefiniowa\u0107 pojedyncz\u0105 zmienn\u0105 x i uzyska\u0107 dost\u0119p do jej element\u00f3w x[0], x[1], x[2] itd. Co wa\u017cniejsze, mo\u017cna umie\u015bci\u0107 inne wyra\u017cenia &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/13-pl\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9986","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9986"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10353,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9986\/revisions\/10353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}