{"id":8293,"date":"2014-09-27T19:14:55","date_gmt":"2014-09-27T23:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/?page_id=8293"},"modified":"2015-02-16T05:43:20","modified_gmt":"2015-02-16T10:43:20","slug":"lt-cheatsheet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/lt-cheatsheet\/","title":{"rendered":"Atmintin\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n
# Paprasta aritmetika<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> *<\/span> 4<\/span>, 3<\/span> +<\/span> 4<\/span>, 3<\/span> -<\/span> 4<\/span>, 3<\/span> \/<\/span> 4<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 12, 7, -1, 0.75<\/span>\r\n# K\u0117limas laipsniu, dalybos liekana, dalyba apvalinant \u017eemyn<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> **<\/span> 4<\/span>, 3<\/span> %<\/span> 4<\/span>, 5<\/span> \/\/<\/span> 2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> 81, 3, 2<\/span>\r\n# Palyginimo veiksmai<\/span>\r\n4<\/span> ><\/span> 3<\/span>, 4<\/span> >=<\/span> 3<\/span>, 3<\/span> ==<\/span> 3.0<\/span>, 3<\/span> !=<\/span> 4<\/span>, 3<\/span> <=<\/span> 4<\/span> \u00a0 #==> True, True, True, True, True<\/span>\r\n\r\n# veiksm\u0173 el\u0117s tvarka: skliausteliai, **, {* \/ \/\/ %}, {+ -}, {== != <= < > >=}<\/span>\r\n\r\n# duomen\u0173 analiz\u0117s funkcijos<\/span>\r\nmin<\/span>(3<\/span>, 4<\/span>), max<\/span>(3<\/span>, 4<\/span>), abs<\/span>(-<\/span>10<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 3, 4, 10<\/span>\r\nsum<\/span>([1<\/span>, 2<\/span>, 3<\/span>]) \u00a0# [1, 2, 3] yra s\u0105ra\u0161as \u00a0 #==> 6<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Duomen\u0173 tipai, ir tipo keitimas tarp teksto ir skai\u010diaus<\/span>\r\ntype<\/span>(3<\/span>), type<\/span>(3.0<\/span>), type<\/span>(\"pinigai\"<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> class 'int', class 'float', \u00a0 class 'str'<\/span>\r\nint<\/span>(\"4\"<\/span>+<\/span>\"0\"<\/span>), float<\/span>(3<\/span>), str<\/span>(1<\/span> \/<\/span> 2<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 40, 3.0, '0.5'<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Kabut\u0117s gali b\u016bti dvigubos ir viengubos (ir spec. \u017eenklo \\ naudojamas)<\/span>\r\n\"double quotes: ', escaped <\/span>\\\"<\/span> \\\\<\/span> \\'<\/span>\"<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> double quotes: ', escaped \" \\ '<\/span>\r\n'it<\/span>\\'<\/span>s \"similar\" in single quotes '<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> it's \"similar\" in single quotes<\/span>\r\n\r\nseka =<\/span> \"hello\"<\/span> \u00a0\r\n# S\u0105ra\u0161\u0173\/teksto aritmetika<\/span>\r\nlen<\/span>(seka) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 5<\/span>\r\nseka[0<\/span>], seka[4<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 # paima po element\u0105 \u00a0 #==> \"h\", \"o\"<\/span>\r\nseka[1<\/span>:3<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# paima fragment\u0105 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"el\"<\/span>\r\nseka[:2<\/span>], seka[2<\/span>:] \u00a0 # nuo kair.\/de\u0161in. \u00a0 \u00a0#==> \"he\", \"llo\"<\/span>\r\nseka[-<\/span>1<\/span>], seka[-<\/span>2<\/span>:] \u00a0# minusas - nuo galo \u00a0#==> \"o\", \"lo\"<\/span>\r\n\"su\"<\/span> +<\/span> \"jun\"<\/span> +<\/span> \"gimas \"<\/span> +<\/span> str<\/span>(123<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"sujungimas 123\"<\/span>\r\n\"boo!\"<\/span> *<\/span> 2<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"boo!boo!\"<\/span>\r\n\r\nord<\/span>(\"A\"<\/span>), chr<\/span>(66<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 65, 'B' \u00a0# simboli\u0173 lentel\u0117 (simboli\u0173 eil\u0117s numeriai)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# Duomen\u0173 \u012fvedimas\/i\u0161vedimas (input\/output)<\/span>\r\ngetLineOfInputAsString =<\/span> input<\/span>() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> perskaito eilut\u0119 i\u0161 \u012fvesties (standarti\u0161kai i\u0161 klaviat\u016bros, o CSCircles i\u0161 spec. laukelio - tr\u016bkstant teksto, bus EOF error)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(\"spausdina\"<\/span>, 0<\/span>, \"ar daugiau duomen\u0173\"<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> spausdina 0 ar daugiau duomen\u0173<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(\"galima\"<\/span>, \"nurodyt\"<\/span>, \"skirtuk\u0105\"<\/span>, sep=<\/span>\".\"<\/span>) \u00a0#==> galima.nurodyt.skirtuk\u0105 \u00a0 <\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(\"be per\u0161okimo \u012f nauj\u0105 eilut\u0119\"<\/span>, end=<\/span>\":)\"<\/span>) \u00a0 #==> be per\u0161okimo \u012f nauj\u0105 eilut\u0119:)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# S\u0104LYGOS<\/span>\r\nnot<\/span> True<\/span>, False<\/span> or<\/span> True<\/span>, False<\/span> and<\/span> True<\/span> \u00a0 #==> False, True, False<\/span>\r\n# s\u0105lygos tikrinimo veiksm\u0173 tvarka: brackets, {== !=}, not, and, or<\/span>\r\n\r\nif<\/span> pirmojiS\u0105lyga:Kartojimo sakiniai\r\n \u00a0 ...<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# po dvita\u0161kio kitoje eilut\u0117je <\/span>\r\n \u00a0 ...<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# veiksmai, atitraukti nuo kra\u0161to<\/span>\r\nelif<\/span> kitaS\u0105lyga: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# neprivalomas, gali b\u016bti keli \"elif\" (rei\u0161kia \"else if\")<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 ...<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# veiksmai<\/span>\r\nelse<\/span>: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # neprivalomas, b\u016bna s\u0105lyg\u0173 \u201egrandin\u0117s\u201c pabaigoje<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 ...<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# veiksmai<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# KARTOJIMAS<\/span>\r\nwhile<\/span> s\u0105lyga:\r\n \u00a0 ...<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# veiksmai<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 break<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# nutraukti kartojim\u0105 (neprivalomas)<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 continue<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # praleisti \u0161io karto likusius veiksmus ir toliau t\u0119sti kartojimus (neprivalomas)<\/span>\r\n\r\nfor<\/span> skaitliukas in<\/span> range<\/span>(start, finish):\r\n \u00a0 print<\/span>(skatiliukas) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> start, start+1, ..., finish-1<\/span>\r\n# \"for kintamasis in seka:\" perrenka tekst\u0105\/s\u0105ra\u0161\u0105, kiekvien\u0105 element\u0105 priskiriant kintamajam<\/span>\r\n# \"break\", \"continue\" gali b\u016bt naudojami \"for\" cikluose kaip ir \"while\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Funkcij\u0173 k\u016brimas<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> funkcijosVardas<\/span>(arg1, arg2):\r\n \u00a0 \u00a0x \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # funkcijos veiksmai<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 \u00a0return<\/span> y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# (gr\u0105\u017eina reik\u0161m\u0119 ir nutraukia funkcij\u0105; jei n\u0117ra - \u00a0pabaigoje gr\u0105\u017einama None)<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> remember<\/span>(bar): \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# globali\u0173 kintam\u0173j\u0173 keitimas funkcijoje<\/span>\r\n \u00a0 \u00a0global<\/span> saveBar \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# i\u0161kvietus foo(3), \u00a0saveBar bus 3 <\/span>\r\n \u00a0 \u00a0saveBar =<\/span> bar \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # net u\u017e funkcijos rib\u0173 (globaliai -- visoje programoje)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# S\u0105ra\u0161\u0173 \u201epjaustymas\u201c \u00a0 \u00a0 -- analogi\u0161kai skai\u010diuojama ir \u201erange()\u201c funkcijoje<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[:3<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> \"012\" \u00a0 # \u00a0range(3)<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[3<\/span>:6<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"345\" \u00a0 # \u00a0range(3, 6)<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[0<\/span>:6<\/span>:2<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"024\" \u00a0 # \u00a0range(0, 6, 2)<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[6<\/span>:3<\/span>:-<\/span>1<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> \"654\" \u00a0 # \u00a0range(6, 3, -1)<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[:] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# tiesiog kopija<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[::2<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# kas antras \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> \"02468\" \u00a0<\/span>\r\n\"0123456789\"<\/span>[::-<\/span>1<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # apsukta kopija #==> \"9876543210\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Patogios smulkmenos<\/span>\r\nx +=<\/span> 1<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# sutrumpintai x=x+1 # taip pat -=, \/=, *=, %=, **=, \/\/=. \u00a0Bet n\u0117ra \"x++\"<\/span>\r\nx, y, z =<\/span> y, x, y \u00a0 # keli\u0173 reik\u0161mi\u0173 priskyrimas -- patogu sukeitimui ar s\u0105ra\u0161o \u201ei\u0161pakavimui\u201c<\/span>\r\n3<\/span> <<\/span> x <<\/span> 5<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 # \"(3 < x) and (x < 5)\". Galima sujungti {< <= > >= == != is}<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Moduli\u0173 (kit\u0173 fail\u0173) funkcionalumo pasiekimas<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> math<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # viso modulio importavimas, jo elementai bus pasiekiami per ta\u0161k\u0105<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(math.<\/span>sqrt(2<\/span>))\r\nfrom<\/span> math<\/span> import<\/span> sqrt \u00a0 \u00a0 # konkre\u010di\u0173 modulio element\u0173 importavimas<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(sqrt(2<\/span>))\r\n# \"math\" modulyje\/pakete dar rasite: pi, exp, log, sin, cos, tan, ceil, floor, and more<\/span>\r\n\r\n # Duomen\u0173 analiz\u0117 s\u0105ra\u0161uose\/tekste<\/span>\r\nlist<\/span> =<\/span> ['zero'<\/span>, 'one'<\/span>, 'two'<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\r\nlist<\/span>.<\/span>index('one'<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> 1<\/span>\r\nlist<\/span>.<\/span>index('three'<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> causes an error<\/span>\r\n'three'<\/span> in<\/span> list<\/span>, 'zero'<\/span> in<\/span> list<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> False, True<\/span>\r\nlist<\/span>.<\/span>count('two'<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> 1<\/span>\r\ndel<\/span> list<\/span>[1<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 # lieka ['zero', 'two']<\/span>\r\n\"string\"<\/span> in<\/span> \"superstring\"<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> True<\/span>\r\n\"superstring\"<\/span>.<\/span>index(\"string\"<\/span>) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> 5<\/span>\r\n\r\n# S\u0105ra\u0161\u0173 tvarkymo metodai: append(item), insert(item, index), extend(list),<\/span>\r\n# remove(value), pop(), pop(index), reverse(), sort(), and more<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Teksto tvarkymo metodai: capitalize(), lower\/upper(), islower\/isupper(),<\/span>\r\n# isalpha\/isdigit(), center\/ljust\/rjust(width, fillChar), strip(), split(),<\/span>\r\n# splitlines(), endswith\/startswith(string), find(string), replace(old, new),<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nmyList =<\/span> [11<\/span>, 99<\/span>] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# S\u0105ra\u0161o kopijavimo niuansai<\/span>\r\nactuallyTheSameList =<\/span> myList # ne kopija, o nauja nuoroda \u012f t\u0105 pat\u012f s\u0105ra\u0161\u0105<\/span>\r\nmyList is<\/span> actuallyTheSameList \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 #==> True<\/span>\r\nrealCopy =<\/span> myList[:] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # arba list(myList), copy.copy(myList), deepcopy<\/span>\r\nrealCopy is<\/span> myList \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> False<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Galite atsisi\u0173sti angli\u0161k\u0105 PDF versij\u0105 atsispausdinimui<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Dar i\u0161samesn\u0117 Python atimintin\u0117<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
# Paprasta aritmetika 3 * 4, 3 + 4, 3 - 4, 3 \/ 4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0#==> 12, 7, -1, 0.75 # K\u0117limas laipsniu, dalybos liekana, dalyba apvalinant \u017eemyn 3 ** 4, 3 % … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8293","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8293"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8490,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8293\/revisions\/8490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}