{"id":8267,"date":"2014-09-27T19:10:09","date_gmt":"2014-09-27T23:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/?page_id=8267"},"modified":"2014-11-09T20:56:53","modified_gmt":"2014-11-10T01:56:53","slug":"12-naudingos-smulkmenos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/12-naudingos-smulkmenos\/","title":{"rendered":"12: Patogios smulkmenos"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- Please retain this notice and add more notes if you create a new version.<br \/>\nLithuanian translators: Jurgis Pralgauskis, jurgis.pralgauskis@gmail.com, Aidis Stukas aidiss@gmail.com<br \/>\nOriginal lesson author: David Pritchard, daveagp@gmail.com, http:\/\/cscircles.ca<br \/>\nLicense: http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/-->\n<p>\u0160ioje pamokoje papasakosime\u00a0kelet\u0105 dalyk\u0117li\u0173, kurie palengvina program\u0173 ra\u0161ym\u0105.<\/p>\n<h2><code>print<\/code>\u00a0parametrai<\/h2>\n<p>Kaip \u017einia,\u00a0<code>print<\/code>\u00a0atspausdina kelet\u0105 reik\u0161mi\u0173, atskirdama\u00a0tarpais. Jos elges\u012f galima truput\u012f pakoreguoti,\u00a0naudojant \u012fvardintus\u00a0argumentus (<em>keyword arguments<\/em>). <code>print<\/code>\u00a0funkcija \"\u017eino\", kad gali taip pavadintus argumentus\u00a0gauti, bet jei negauna, naudoja j\u0173 numatytas\u00a0reik\u0161mes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>argumentas\u00a0<code><\/code><code><strong>sep<\/strong>\u00a0<\/code>(sutrumpintas \"<em>separator\"<\/em>)\u00a0nurodo, kuo atskirti spausdinamas reik\u0161mes.<\/li>\n<li>argumentas\u00a0\u00a0<code><\/code><strong><code>end<\/code><\/strong>\u00a0leid\u017eia pakeisti\u00a0eilut\u0117s-pabaigos(\"end-of-line\") simbol\u012f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Panagrin\u0117kite\u00a0kelet\u0105 pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, ir suprasite, kaip naudoti \u012fvardintus (vardinius) argumentus.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform0\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox0'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Pavyzd\u017eiai su <code>sep<\/code> ir <code>end<\/code> argumentais. Ir k\u0105 gi mums atspausdins?<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode0' id='usercode0'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nprint('D', 'A', 'S', 'H', sep='-')\nprint('The price is $', 12*5, sep='')\nprint('\u0160ios dvi eilut\u0117s', end='')\nprint(' pasirodys kartu.')\nprint(10, 'Puiku', sep='-&gt;', end='!')<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory0' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit0' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(0)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(0,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse0\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"0\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"186e85df9f0ac35e537d96d51a5a8f99\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults0' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit0\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse0\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u012evardinami\u00a0argumentai turi b\u016bti\u00a0pateikti po\u00a0\u012fprastini\u0173. Kitu atveju sulauksime <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/console\/?consolecode=print%28end%3D%27%27%2C%205%29\" target=\"_blank\">klaidos prane\u0161imo<\/a>.\u00a0Tarpusavy \u012fvardinti\u00a0argumentai gali b\u016bt i\u0161d\u0117styti\u00a0bet kokia tvarka.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform1\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox1'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Ab\u0117c\u0117l\u0117s aerobika<\/span><\/div>Pataisykite program\u0105 taip, kad ji atspausdint\u0173 ab\u0117c\u0117l\u0119 vienoje eilut\u0117je.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode1' id='usercode1'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\nfor c in range(0, 26):\n print(chr(ord('A')+c))\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory1' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<input type='hidden' id='defaultCode1' value='for c in range(0, 26):\\n print(chr(ord(\\u0027A\\u0027)+c))\\n'><\/input>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit1' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(1)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(1,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='history' value=\"History\" onclick=\"historyClick(1,'12.alphabet')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect1' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='default' data-pbonclick=\"pbSetText(1,descape($('#defaultCode1').val()))\" >Reset code to default<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(1);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse1\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"1\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"ca6b3b52f1ac6e23d3be1248a71462c3\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults1' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(1);});document.getElementById(\"submit1\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse1\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Funkcij\u0173 argument\u0173 numatytos reik\u0161m\u0117s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kaip k\u0105tik pasiai\u0161kinome, funkcijose kai kurie argumentai gali tur\u0117ti numatytas (standartines) reik\u0161mes (<em>default values<\/em>).\u00a0 Tai patogu, jei argument\u0173 daug ar daugumoje atvej\u0173 tinka numatytieji.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform2\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox2'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>numatytos argument\u0173 reik\u0161m\u0117s<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode2' id='usercode2'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\ndef traukos_jega(mase, g=9.8): # mas\u0117 ir gravitacijos pagreitis \n  return mase*g\n\nprint( \"\u017dem\u0117je 10 kg k\u016bn\u0105 traukia\", traukos_jega( 10 ), \"Niuton\u0173\")\nprint( \"M\u0117nulyje 10 kg k\u016bn\u0105 traukia\", traukos_jega( 10, 1.62 ), \"Niuton\u0173\")<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory2' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit2' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(2)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(2,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse2\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"2\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"39ecde2f63990a995dc1f9351433d913\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults2' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit2\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse2\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Kai yra keli argumentai su numatytom reik\u0161m\u0117m, pravers vardiniai argumentai:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform3\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox3'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>nurodymas vieno i\u0161 numatyt\u0173 argument\u0173<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 188px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode3' id='usercode3'  cols=10 rows=7 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 188px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\ndef pasisveikinimas(vardas, laikas=\"rytas\", nuotaika=\"Labas\"):  \n    print ( nuotaika, laikas, vardas, \"!\" )  # nesismulkinkim d\u0117l tikslios lietuvi\u0173 gramatikos ;)\n\npasisveikinimas( \"Tomai\" )                       # Labas rytas Tomai !\npasisveikinimas( \"Tomai\", \"vakaras\" )            # Labas vakaras Tomai !\npasisveikinimas( \"Tomai\",  nuotaika=\"Keistas\" )  # Keistas rytas Tomai ! -- vardinis argumentas: nuotaika\npasisveikinimas( \"Tomai\",  \"rytas\", \"Keistas\" )   # nenaudojant vardinio argumento, reikt\u0173 nurodyti ir laik\u0105<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory3' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit3' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(3)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(3,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse3\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"3\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"28a8f2408c8b0a3f3dc6e2707013883c\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults3' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit3\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse3\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Tinkami kintam\u0173j\u0173\/funkcij\u0173 pavadinimai<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Pavadinimuose gali b\u016bti raid\u0117s, skai\u010diai ir apatiniai br\u016bk\u0161niai (<code>_<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>Pavadinimas negali prasid\u0117ti skai\u010diumi.<\/li>\n<li>Pitone yra skirtumas tarp ma\u017e\u0173j\u0173 ir did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 raid\u017ei\u0173.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taigi <code>mano_3cias_kintamasis<\/code> yra tinkamas, o <code>3ias_kintamasis<\/code>\u00a0- netinkamas pavadinimas.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform4\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox4'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Did\u017eiosios ir ma\u017eosios raid\u0117s.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode4' id='usercode4'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\ngreaterOde = \"Truth is beauty, beauty truth\"\ngreatErode = \"Wind erosion\"\nprint(greaterOde) # still poetry<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory4' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit4' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(4)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(4,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse4\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"4\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"045208e9dc7dd2820a91bab0e459ef7b\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults4' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit4\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse4\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Ma\u017e\u0117janti seka\u00a0 <code>for<\/code> cikle ir kt. perrinkimo variacijos<\/h2>\n<p>Prisiminkime, kaip, naudodami <code>for<\/code> cikl\u0105, galime perrinkti skai\u010dius:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform5\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox5'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>A <code>for<\/code> loop<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode5' id='usercode5'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nfor i in range(0, 5):\n print(i)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory5' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit5' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(5)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(5,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse5\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"5\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"48e0123a12ad2574217df6c6fcebe640\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults5' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit5\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse5\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u010diau, kartais prireikia apsukti\u00a0tvark\u0105. Kaip para\u0161yti funkcij\u0105, kuri perrinks skai\u010dius ma\u017e\u0117jan\u010dia tvarka? Tam galima i\u0161kviesti <code>range<\/code> ir su tre\u010diu parametru -\u00a0<em>\u017eingsniu<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform6\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox6'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Intervalo skai\u010diai\u00a0ma\u017e\u0117jan\u010dia tvarka<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode6' id='usercode6'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nfor i in range(5, 1, -1):\n print(i)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory6' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit6' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(6)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(6,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse6\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"6\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"61f7b1cfa7128b1075811c3bc806df3a\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults6' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit6\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse6\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Pasteb\u0117kime, kad <code>range(0, 5)<\/code> veikia taip pat kaip <code>range(0, 5, 1)<\/code>: \u00a0standartin\u0117 \u017eingsnio reik\u0161m\u0117 yra 1. Bet kuriuo atveju, b\u016bkime atsarg\u016bs <code>range(start, stop, step)<\/code> veikia tol, kol nesiekia\u00a0<code>stop<\/code> reik\u0161m\u0117s. Daugiau informacijos galite rasti\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/docs.python.org\/py3k\/library\/functions.html#range\">Pitono dokumentacijoje<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform7\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox7'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Laimingieji septynetai<\/span><\/div>Para\u0161ykite program\u0105, kuri, naudodama <code>for<\/code> cikl\u0105 su \u017eigsnio reik\u0161me 10, atspausdint\u0173 visus dviej\u0173 skaitmen\u0173 skai\u010dius, kurie baigiasi 7-net\u0173.<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode7' id='usercode7'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n# delete this comment and enter your code here\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory7' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit7' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(7)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(7,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='history' value=\"History\" onclick=\"historyClick(7,'12.sevens')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><select id='pbSelect7' class='selectmore'><option name='more'>More actions...<\/option>\n<option name='help' data-pbonclick=\"helpClick(7);\" >Help<\/option>\n<\/select><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse7\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"7\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"867c1ace8ecf212368469a2394481861\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults7' class='pbresults avoidline'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>jQuery(function(){pbToggleCodeMirror(7);});document.getElementById(\"submit7\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse7\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Pana\u0161iai galime naudoti <code>tekstas[x:y:-1]<\/code>,\u00a0kad gautme apsukt\u0105 teksto fragment\u0105. Arba, jei <code>zodis=\"Karlson\"<\/code>, tai <code>zodis[x:y:2]<\/code> duos nauj\u0105 \u017eod\u012f, kuriame teliks kas antra raid\u0117 <code>x, x+2, x+4, ... <\/code>-- gausis <code>\"alo\"<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Ma\u017e\u0117jan\u010di\u0105 eil\u0119\u00a0su <code>for<\/code> ciklu galima gauti ir taip:\u00a0<code>reversed(range(x, y))<\/code>. \u0160i formuluot\u0117\u00a0prad\u0117s skai\u010diavim\u0105 nuo <code>y-1<\/code> ir baigs ties <code>x<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2>Kompakti\u0161kas kodas<\/h2>\n<p>Python kai kuriuos \u012fprastus veiksmus galima u\u017era\u0161yti trumpiau\u00a0- tai patogu, kai \u0161ie veiksmai da\u017enai kartojasi arba programuotojas\u00a0nori greit u\u017era\u0161yti program\u0105.<\/p>\n<p><table class='pywarn'><tr><td class='pywarnleft'><img src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/warning.png'\/><\/td><td class='pywarnright'><span> Puslapyje mes \u0161i\u0173 triuk\u0173 da\u017enai nenaudojame, nes nepratusiems b\u016bt\u0173 sunkiau suprasti. <\/span><\/td><\/table><\/p>\n<h3>Reik\u0161m\u0117s\u00a0pakeitimo veiksmai<\/h3>\n<p>Pitonas leid\u017eia ra\u0161yti \"<code>x += 1<\/code>\", tai rei\u0161kia t\u0105 pat\u012f kaip ir \"<code>x = x + 1<\/code>\" --\u00a0padidina\u00a0<code>x<\/code>\u00a0vienetu :<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform8\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox8'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Pavyzd\u017eiai su <code>+=<\/code>, <code>-=<\/code>, <code>*=<\/code>, <code>\/=<\/code><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 240px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode8' id='usercode8'  cols=10 rows=9 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 240px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx = 8\nx += 2\nprint(x)\nx -= 1\nprint(x)\nx \/= 3\nprint(x)\nx *= 10\nprint(x)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory8' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit8' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(8)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(8,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse8\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"8\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"657dbfafceda6ebf4bb45614201a5a12\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults8' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit8\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse8\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Analogi\u0161kai veikia ir\u00a0\u00a0dalyba be liekanos (<code>\/\/=<\/code>), liekana\u00a0(<code>%=<\/code>), ir \u00a0k\u0117limas laipsniu (<code>**=<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sud\u0117tiniai sakiniai\u00a0vienoje eilut\u0117je (<em>inline blocks<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p><code>for<\/code>, <code>if<\/code>, <code>else<\/code>, <code>elif<\/code>, <code>while<\/code>, ir <code>def<\/code>\u00a0priklausantys veiksmai b\u016bna i\u0161vadinti naujose eilut\u0117se, pvz:<\/p>\n<pre>if x==y:\r\n \u00a0\u00abveiksmai\u00bb # papildomai atitraukta, daug eilu\u010di\u0173<\/pre>Kai priklausan\u010dius veiksmus galima i\u0161vardinti vienoje eilut\u0117je, Pitonas leid\u017eia naudoti alternatyv\u0173 u\u017era\u0161ym\u0105:<\/p>\n<pre>if x==y: \u00abveiksmai\u00bb # vienoje eilut\u0117je<\/pre>\u0160iais atvejais, keli nuosekl\u016bs veiksmai gali b\u016bti atskirti kabliata\u0161kiais. Pavyzd\u017eiui:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform9\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox9'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div> Inline block statements<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode9' id='usercode9'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\ndef square(x): return x*x\n\nfor i in range(1, 6): print(i); print(square(i))<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory9' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit9' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(9)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(9,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse9\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"9\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"126c36a42c6c7f4feea8b3ce1709c3d6\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults9' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit9\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse9\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u010diau tam yra apribojim\u0173, \u00a0negali b\u016bti naudojami veiksmai su dvita\u0161kiu (<code>if<\/code>, <code>for<\/code> ir pan.). Pavyzd\u017eiui, <code>if 2&gt;1: if 4&gt;3: print()<\/code> yra sintaks\u0117s <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/console\/?consolecode=if%202%26gt%3B1%3A%20if%204%26gt%3B3%3A%20print%28%29\" target=\"_blank\">klaida<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Priskyrimas i\u0161 kart keliems kintamiesiems (<em>multiple assignment<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Pitonas leid\u017eia sujungti\u00a0kelis\u00a0priskyrimus \u012f vien\u0105\u00a0veiksm\u0105:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform10\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox10'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Multiple assignment<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode10' id='usercode10'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx, y = 3, 4\nprint('x =', x, 'and y =', y)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory10' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit10' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(10)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(10,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse10\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"10\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"4c8e080f4888bb5c86d52fe2d2145597\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults10' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit10\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse10\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Tai leid\u017eia i\u0161pr\u0119sti pirmose pamokose matyt\u0105 u\u017edavin\u012f su <a href=\"\/1-variables\/\">reik\u0161mi\u0173 apkeitimu<\/a> vienoje eilut\u0117je!<\/p>\n<p>Taip pat galima \"i\u0161pakuoti\" s\u0105ra\u0161\u0105, jei kintam\u0173j\u0173 yra tiek, kiek s\u0105ra\u0161e reik\u0161mi\u0173, pvz:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform11\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox11'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>S\u0105ra\u0161o i\u0161pakavimas<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode11' id='usercode11'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx, y, z = [3, 4, 10]\nprint('x =', x, 'y =', y, 'and z =', z)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory11' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit11' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(11)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(11,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse11\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"11\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"08342b433315e97a77109bfb8c9bd476\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults11' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit11\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse11\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Palyginim\u0173 \"grandin\u0117\"<\/h3>\n<p>Pitonas leid\u017eia apjungti\u00a0kelet\u0105 nuosekli\u0173 palyginim\u0173 \u012f vien\u0105:<br \/>\n<form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform12\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox12'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Comparison Chaining<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode12' id='usercode12'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nage = int(input())\nif 12 &lt; age &lt; 18: # atitinka (12 &lt; age) and (age &lt; 18) \n print('Paauglyst\u0117!')<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory12' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit12' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(12)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(12,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse12\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"12\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"70e1fb82e2ca48d74050b703082fee5a\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults12' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit12\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse12\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Reik\u0161m\u0117s parinkimas\u00a0pagal\u00a0i\u0161vad\u0105<\/h3>\n<p>Kai\u00a0tikrinam s\u0105lyg\u0105, ir\u00a0priklausomai nuo jos norim priskirt reik\u0161m\u0119,\u00a0reikia u\u017era\u0161yti\u00a02 priskyrimus:<br \/>\n<form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform13\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox13'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 162px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode13' id='usercode13'  cols=10 rows=6 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 162px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\namzius = int(input())\nif amzius &lt; 18:\n    dovana='dviratis'\nelse: \n    dovana='ma\u0161ina' \nprint(amzius, dovana)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory13' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit13' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(13)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(13,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse13\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"13\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"b34c7b1f41fdb65dba1b81d713dbac5b\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults13' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit13\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse13\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Arba reik\u0161m\u0119 galima parinkti trumpiau - vienoje eilut\u0117je:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<code>\u00ab<em>viena reik\u0161m\u0117<\/em>\u00bb \u00a0if \u00abs\u0105lyga\u00bb else \u00ab<em>kita reik\u0161m\u0117<\/em>\u00bb<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform14\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox14'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>reik\u0161m\u0117s parinkimas pagal i\u0161vad\u0105<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 84px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode14' id='usercode14'  cols=10 rows=3 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 84px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\namzius = int(input())\ndovana = 'dviratis' if amzius &lt; 18 else 'ma\u0161ina' \nprint(amzius, dovana)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory14' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit14' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(14)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(14,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse14\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"14\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"272513b1fc14aeb318885a04fd7c57c9\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults14' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit14\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse14\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0105lyg\u0173 tikrinimas pagal kintamojo reik\u0161m\u0119<\/h3>\n<p>Kartais reikia patikrinti, ar kintamasis turi pradin\u0119 reik\u0161m\u0119, ar jau pasikeitus. Pradin\u0117 reik\u0161m\u0117\u00a0skaitliukui da\u017eniausiai b\u016bna 0, s\u0105ra\u0161ui - tu\u0161\u010dias s\u0105ra\u0161as [], o kartais reik\u0161m\u0117 None.\u00a0\u0160ias reik\u0161mes Python supranta, kaip analogi\u0161kais loginiam False. Tod\u0117l galima\u00a0trumpint s\u0105lyg\u0173 u\u017era\u0161ym\u0105:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform15\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox15'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>Kintamojo reik\u0161m\u0117s \u012fvertinimas be palyginimo veiksmo<\/span><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 318px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode15' id='usercode15'  cols=10 rows=12 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 318px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nkiek = int(input())\nif kiek == 0: \n     print('nieko n\u0117ra')\nelse: \n    print('yra', kiek)\nif kiek: \n     print('tikrai nieko n\u0117ra') # analogi\u0161kai\nsar = []\nif sar:  print('s\u0105ra\u0161as yra', sar )\nelse: print('s\u0105ra\u0161as tu\u0161\u010dias')\nif None:\n print(None, 'rei\u0161kia Nieko')<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory15' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit15' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(15)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(15,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse15\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"15\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"957a5c9e7312f93f01bad39661723f7b\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults15' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit15\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse15\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Numatytos reik\u0161m\u0117s\u00a0<code>range()<\/code>\u00a0komandai ir atkarpos galams\u00a0<code>[:]<\/code><\/h3>\n<p><code>range(n)<\/code> yra trumpesnis b\u016bdas para\u0161yti <code>range(0, n)<\/code>\u00a0--\u00a0<code>0<\/code>\u00a0yra numatytoji prad\u017eios reik\u0161m\u0117.<\/p>\n<p>Teksto\/s\u0105ra\u0161o atkarpos galai\u00a0irgi turi numatyas reik\u0161mes. Standartin\u0117 prad\u017eios\u00a0reik\u0161m\u0117 yra <code>0<\/code>, o pabaigos -\u00a0s\u0105ra\u0161o\/teksto ilgis.\u00a0Pvz, pilna atkarpa b\u016bt\u0173\u00a0<code>[:]<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform16\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox16'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Numatytosios reik\u0161m\u0117s\u00a0<code>range()<\/code> ir\u00a0\u00a0<code><code>[:]<\/code><\/code>\u00a0<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode16' id='usercode16'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nS = \"Toronto\"\nprint(S[3:])                  # fragmentas iki pabaigos: \"onto\"\nprint(S[:2])                  # fragmentas nuo prad\u017eios: \"To\"\n\nfor i in range(5): print(i*i, end=\" \") # atspausdins 0 1 ... 16<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory16' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit16' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(16)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(16,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse16\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"16\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"b4e3e11d45e2494e339f612522392915\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults16' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit16\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse16\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h1><code>None<\/code><\/h1>\n<p>Kai kuri\u0173 funkcij\u0173 pagrindin\u0117 paskirtis yra gr\u0105\u017einti reik\u0161m\u0119, pavyzd\u017eiui <code>abs(x)<\/code>. Bet tai neprivaloma,\u00a0kai kurios funkcijos tieisog ka\u017ek\u0105 pakei\u010dia ar atspausdina, jose\u00a0n\u0117ra <code>return<\/code> komandos (pvz, <code>print()<\/code> ). Tuomet standarti\u0161kai\u00a0gr\u0105\u017einama\u00a0<code>None<\/code>\u00a0reik\u0161m\u0117.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform17\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox17'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>K\u0105 gr\u0105\u017eino\u00a0<code>print<\/code>?<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode17' id='usercode17'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nresult = print('Anything works here')\nprint(result)\ndef forgotToReturn(x):\n x*x\nprint(forgotToReturn(5))<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory17' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit17' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(17)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(17,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse17\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"17\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"9b7f3f4bb01953a5fbbe924ce2aee475\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults17' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit17\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse17\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p><code> None<\/code>\u00a0 naudojamas \u012fvairiai - kartais\u00a0juo pasi\u017eymima, kad kintamajam prasminga reik\u0161m\u0117 dar nepriskirta.\u00a0Paband\u0119 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/console\/?consolecode=print%28type%28None%29%29\" target=\"_blank\">type(None)<\/a> pamatysime, kad yra specialus\u00a0duomen\u0173 tipas <code>NoneType<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform18\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox18'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>Duomen\u0173 tip\u0173 tipai<\/span><\/div>Bet kuri reik\u0161m\u0117 turi tip\u0105 -- netgi pats tipas ;)<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode18' id='usercode18'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx = None\nprint(x, type(x), type(type(x)), type(type(type(x))))<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory18' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit18' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='consolecopy' value=\"Open in console\" onclick=\"pbConsoleCopy(18)\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='visualize' value=\"Visualize\" onclick=\"pbVisualize(18,'N')\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse18\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"18\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"6928ec24114be88547a0a256f22f4673\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults18' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit18\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse18\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Dabar u\u017eduotis -\u00a0atid\u017eiai\u00a0sekite veiksm\u0173\u00a0eig\u0105\u00a0su daug\u00a0<code>type<\/code> ir <code>print<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral multiscramble' id='pybox19'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Scramble Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Daug spausdinimo d\u0117l None<\/span><\/div>Veiksmas\u00a0<code>print(type(print(type(type(print(print()))))))<\/code>\u00a0atspausdins\u00a04 eilutes. Sud\u0117kite jas teisinga tvarka.<ul class=\"pyscramble\" name=\"pyscramble\" id=\"pyscramble19\">\n<li id=\"pyli19_3\" class=\"pyscramble\" >&lt;class 'NoneType'&gt;<\/li>\n<li id=\"pyli19_1\" class=\"pyscramble\" >None<\/li>\n<li id=\"pyli19_0\" class=\"pyscramble\" ><i>&laquo;blank line&raquo;<\/i><\/li>\n<li id=\"pyli19_2\" class=\"pyscramble\" >&lt;class 'type'&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pyboxbuttons\"><input type='button' value='Check answer' onclick='pbMultiscrambleCheck(19)'\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"slug\" value=\"12.ordering\"\/>\n<\/div><div id=\"pbresults19\" class=\"pbresults\"><\/div><div class=\"epilogue\">Correct!<\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ioje pamokoje papasakosime\u00a0kelet\u0105 dalyk\u0117li\u0173, kurie palengvina program\u0173 ra\u0161ym\u0105. print\u00a0parametrai Kaip \u017einia,\u00a0print\u00a0atspausdina kelet\u0105 reik\u0161mi\u0173, atskirdama\u00a0tarpais. Jos elges\u012f galima truput\u012f pakoreguoti,\u00a0naudojant \u012fvardintus\u00a0argumentus (keyword arguments). print\u00a0funkcija \"\u017eino\", kad gali taip pavadintus argumentus\u00a0gauti, bet jei negauna, naudoja j\u0173 numatytas\u00a0reik\u0161mes. argumentas\u00a0sep\u00a0(sutrumpintas \"separator\")\u00a0nurodo, kuo atskirti spausdinamas &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/12-naudingos-smulkmenos\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8267","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8267"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8633,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8267\/revisions\/8633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}