{"id":8076,"date":"2014-08-24T02:13:55","date_gmt":"2014-08-24T06:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/?page_id=8076"},"modified":"2014-10-22T05:33:35","modified_gmt":"2014-10-22T09:33:35","slug":"1-lt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/1-lt\/","title":{"rendered":"1: Kintamieji"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- Please retain this notice and add more notes if you create a new version.<br \/>\nLithuanian translators: Jurgis Pralgauskis, jurgis.pralgauskis@gmail.com, Aidis Stukas aidiss@gmail.com<br \/>\nOriginal lesson author: David Pritchard, daveagp@gmail.com, http:\/\/cscircles.ca<br \/>\nLicense: http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/-->\n<p>Besikei\u010diantiems duomenims\/informacijai saugoti programoje naudojami <strong>kintamieji<\/strong>. Jie turi <em>vardus<\/em> (pana\u0161iai kaip failai), pagal kuriuos galima duomenis pasiekti.<\/p>\n<p>Duomen\u0173 priskyrimo veiksmas atrodo pana\u0161iai kaip matematikoje:<\/p>\n<pre>\u00abkintamojo vardas\u00bb = \u00abpriskiriama reik\u0161m\u0117\u00bb<\/pre>(Tokie \u00abdvigubi skliaustai\u00bb bus naudojami formuluo\u010di\u0173 dali\u0173 paai\u0161kinimui.)<\/p>\n<p>Pvz, kintamajam <code>pinigai<\/code> priskiriama reik\u0161m\u0117 13:<\/p>\n<pre>pinigai = 13<\/pre>Po \u0161io priskyrimo esan\u010diuose veiksmuose Python \"\u017einos\", kad <code>pinigai<\/code> yra 13.<\/p>\n<p>Atsargiai, b\u016bt\u0173 klaida:<\/p>\n<pre>13 = pinigai<\/pre>Nes Python sintaks\u0117je numatyta, kad priskyrimas vyksta i\u0161 de\u0161in\u0117s lygyb\u0117s pus\u0117s \u012f kair\u0119 (ir ne kitaip).<\/p>\n<p>\u017demiau trumpas keli\u0173 veiksm\u0173 pavyzdys su kintamuoju:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform0\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox0'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class=\"title\">Example<\/span><\/div>Kintamojo naudojimo pavyzdys.<div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 136px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode0' id='usercode0'  cols=10 rows=5 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 136px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx = 13\nprint(x + 1)\nprint(x)\nx = 5 + 2\nprint(x)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory0' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit0' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse0\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"0\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"395056a1131279a74a8f88eec12bbb9c\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults0' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit0\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse0\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Panagrin\u0117kite programos eilutes ir i\u0161siai\u0161kinkite, kaip kuri nul\u0117m\u0117 atspausdint\u0105 rezultat\u0105. Kintamasis <code><code>x<\/code><\/code> turi reik\u0161m\u0119 <code>13<\/code> pirmose dviejose <code>print<\/code> komandose, v\u0117liau jam priskiriama reik\u0161m\u0117 <code>7<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Kaip pasteb\u0117jote, su skai\u010diais galima atikti aritmetinius veiksmus - tam skirti operatoriai <code><\/code><code><code>+<\/code> <code>-<\/code> <code>*<code> <\/code><\/code><code>\/<\/code><\/code><code><\/code> ir dar keli (bet apie juos - v\u0117liau).<\/p>\n<p>\u0160iaip, programuotojams sekti programos veiksmus tenka gan da\u017enai - ypa\u010d, kai ie\u0161koma klaid\u0173. Kaip kei\u010diasi kintam\u0173j\u0173 reik\u0161m\u0117s patogu sekti lentel\u0117je (kad ir ant popieriaus), pvz:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pybox\">\n<p><strong>Tikslas<\/strong>: nustatyki, kokias reik\u0161mes tur\u0117s kintamieji programos pabaigoje.<\/p>\n<pre>first = 2\r\nsecond = 3\r\nthird = first * second\r\nsecond = third - first\r\nfirst = first + second + third\r\nthird = second * first<\/pre><strong>Principas<\/strong>: Lentel\u0117je sura\u0161omos ir sekamos kintam\u0173j\u0173 reik\u0161m\u0117s. Nuslinkite iki lentel\u0117s pabaigos, kad su\u017einotum\u0117t galutines reik\u0161mes.<\/p>\n<table style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 20px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"55%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<th>Veiksmas<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Reik\u0161m\u0117s (\u012fvykus veiksmui)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"mono\" align=\"center\">\n<th><\/th>\n<th>first<\/th>\n<th>second<\/th>\n<th>third<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; overflow-y: scroll; max-height: 100px;\">\n<table class=\"mono\" style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"55%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/>\n<col width=\"15%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>first = 2<\/td>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>second = 3<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>third = first * second<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>second = third - first<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">3<\/span> <strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>first = first + second + third<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">2<\/span> <strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>third = second * first<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">6<\/span> <strong>48<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Taigi, programos pabaigoj kintamasis <code>first<\/code> yra lygus <code>12<\/code>, <code>second<\/code> yra <code>4<\/code>, o <code>third<\/code> reik\u0161m\u0117 yra <code>48<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Norint suprasti programos kod\u0105, tokia lentel\u0117 visada pravers. Taip pat yra automatizuot\u0173 priemoni\u0173, leid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 sekti program\u0105 pa\u017eingsniui - \u0161ioje sistemoje yra <a href=\"\/visualize\">Python3 vizualus seklys<\/a> (j\u012f rasite ir vir\u0161utiniame meniu). Pabandykime juo pasinaudoti.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mygtukas <strong>\"Forward &gt;\"<\/strong> arba rodykl\u0117s klavi\u0161ai leis eiti pa\u017eingsniui (po eilut\u0119) pirmyn (arba atgal). <\/em> Steb\u0117kite, kaip kei\u010diasi kintamieji po kiekvienos eilut\u0117s.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width='100%' height='480' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/OnlinePythonTutor3-cemc\/iframe-embed.html#code=first+%3D+2%0Asecond+%3D+3%0Athird+%3D+first+%2A+second%0Asecond+%3D+third+-+first%0Afirst+%3D+first+%2B+second+%2B+third%0Athird+%3D+second+%2A+first&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=false&drawParentPointers=false&textReferences=false&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0&resizeContainer=true&highlightLines&width=400&rightStdout=1'><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Trumpas pratimas\/klausimas:<br \/>\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral' id='pybox1'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Short Answer Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Sekitei <code>x<\/code>'o reik\u0161m\u0119?<\/span><\/div><br \/>\nKokia <code>x<\/code> reik\u0161m\u0117 programos pabaigoje?<\/p>\n<pre>x = 10\r\nx = x + x\r\nx = x - 5<\/pre><label for=\"pyShortAnswer1\">Your answer (enter a number): <\/label><input type=\"text\" onkeypress=\"{if (event.keyCode==13) pbShortCheck(1)}\" id=\"pyShortAnswer1\"><div class=\"pyboxbuttons\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"type\" value=\"number\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"correct\" value=\"15\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"slug\" value=\"1.plusminus\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type='submit' style='margin:5px;' value='Check answer' onClick = 'pbShortCheck(1)'\/><\/div><div class=\"pbresults\" id=\"pyShortResults1\"><\/div><div class=\"epilogue\">Correct!<\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Dvi da\u017enos klaidos<\/h2>\n<p>Jei bandote naudoti kintam\u0105j\u012f (vard\u0105), kuriam <strong>nebuvo priskirta jokia reik\u0161m\u0117<\/strong>, programa \u201cl\u016b\u017eta\u201d, nes tokio ne\u017eino. Pabandykime:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform2\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox2'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>Ne\u017einomas kintamasis<\/span><\/div> <div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 32px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode2' id='usercode2'  cols=10 rows=1 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 32px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nprint(trouble)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory2' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit2' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse2\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"2\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"17773987e0e297008069cdacacf8351e\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults2' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit2\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse2\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Kaip matote, gavom klaidos prane\u0161im\u0105 <code>NameError: name 'trouble' is not defined<\/code>. Jei padarysite \u017eiopl\u0105 ra\u0161ybos klaid\u0105 (praleisite raid\u0119 ar para\u0161ysite ma\u017eaj\u0105 vietoj did\u017eiosios), taip pat gausite toki\u0105 klaid\u0105: pvz.<br \/>\n<form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform3\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox3'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'>Klaidel\u0117 kintamojo pavadinime<\/span><\/div> <div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode3' id='usercode3'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\naddress=32\nprint(adress)<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory3' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit3' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse3\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"3\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"5f6945efaa11a5e0b119e57f84255bbc\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults3' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit3\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse3\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Kita da\u017enoka pradedan\u010di\u0173j\u0173 klaida (kuri\u0105 jau min\u0117jom), kai <strong>supainiojamos priskyrimo <code>=<\/code> pus\u0117s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform4\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral  facultative' id='pybox4'>\n<div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Example: <\/span><span class='title'><code>SyntaxError: can't assign to literal<\/code><\/span><\/div> <div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RO '  style='height: 58px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode4' id='usercode4'  cols=10 rows=2 readonly='readonly'  style = 'height : 58px;'  class='pyboxCode RO'>\nx = 4\n4 = x<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory4' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit4' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse4\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"4\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"130cb3846431645709a90d52b640f87e\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults4' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit4\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse4\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Pirma eilut\u0117 OK, o antra - b\u0117da: (<code>4 = x).<\/code> Skai\u010dius 4 yra konstanta (negali keistis), tod\u0117l n\u0117ra prasm\u0117s jam priskirti kit\u0105 reik\u0161m\u0119. Taigi, nors matematikoje <code>A = B<\/code> ir <code>B = A<\/code> rei\u0161kia t\u0105 pat\u012f, programavime taip n\u0117ra - priskyrimo veiksmas turi krypt\u012f.<\/p>\n<h2>Pratimai<\/h2>\n<p>Kintam\u0173j\u0173 naudojimo ap\u0161ilimas:<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform5\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox5'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Heads, Shoulders, Knees and Toes<\/span><\/div>\n<p>\u012esivaizduokite, kad programoje jau yra kintamasis \"people\", kuris rei\u0161kia vakar\u0117lio dalyvi\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173. Para\u0161ykite veiksmus, kurie skai\u010diuot\u0173 vakar\u0117lio dalyvi\u0173 galvas (kintamasis <code>heads<\/code>), pe\u010dius (<code>shoulders<\/code>), kelius(<code>knees<\/code>) ir koj\u0173 pir\u0161tus (<code>toes<\/code>). Jums nereikia atspausdinti (<code>print<\/code>) reik\u0161mi\u0173 - jas automati\u0161kai patikrins sistema. <br\/> <a class=\"hintlink\"  id=\"hintlink6\"> U\u017euomina <\/a><br \/>\n<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode5' id='usercode5'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory5' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit5' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='history' value=\"History\" onclick=\"historyClick(5,'1.heads')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='help' value=\"Help\" onclick=\"helpClick(5);\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse5\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"5\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"0ab421becbbbd5eb8c4ea0f455b27080\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults5' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit5\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse5\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Sumai\u0161ytos programos eilut\u0117s<\/h2>\n<p>\u0160ioje u\u017eduotyje esantis kodas yra teisingas, ta\u010diau jame sumai\u0161ytos eilut\u0117s. Sud\u0117kite eilutes teisinga tvarka (pertempdami su pele).<\/p>\n<p><form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform7\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral scramble' id='pybox7'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Scramble Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Vidutinio grei\u010dio skai\u010diuokl\u0117<\/span><\/div> Turime duomenis (kintamuosius) apie motociklininko kelion\u0119 per kaln\u0105: <br\/><code>uphillDistance<\/code> (\u012fkaln\u0117) ir <code>downhillDistance<\/code> (nuokaln\u0117) rei\u0161kia nuotol\u012f kilometrais, <br\/> o <code>uphillTime<\/code> (\u012fkaln\u0117s laikas) ir <code>downhillTime<\/code> (nuokaln\u0117s laikas) - kiek truko kiekviena kelion\u0117s dalis. Sutvarkyk eilutes, kad programa rast\u0173 ir atspausdint\u0173 visos kelion\u0117s vidutin\u012f greit\u012f.<br\/><a class=\"hintlink\"  id=\"hintlink8\">U\u017euomina<\/a> <ul class=\"pyscramble\" name=\"pyscramble\" id=\"pyscramble7\">\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">totalDistance = uphillDistance + downhillDistance<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">print(averageSpeed)<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">averageSpeed = totalDistance \/ totalTime<\/li>\n <li class=\"pyscramble\">totalTime = uphillTime + downhillTime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<input type='hidden' id='usercode7' name='usercode7'\/>\n<div id='pbhistory7' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit7' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse7\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"7\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"a9d42698a7d0a64ffe995c04900b222e\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults7' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit7\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse7\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Sukeiski<\/h2>\n<p>Paskutinis pratimas<br \/>\n<form class=\"pbform\" action=\"#\" id=\"pbform9\" method=\"POST\">\n<div class='pybox modeNeutral ' id='pybox9'>\n<img title='You have not yet completed this problem.' src='https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-content\/plugins\/pybox\/files\/icon.png' class='pycheck'\/><div class=\"heading\"><span class='type'>Coding Exercise: <\/span><span class='title'>Sukeisk kintam\u0173j\u0173 reik\u0161mes<\/span><\/div> Sistema automati\u0161kai paruo\u0161 du kintamuosius (<code>x<\/code> ir <code>y<\/code>). Reikia sukeisti j\u0173 reik\u0161mes. Reik\u0161mi\u0173 atspausdinti nereikia. <br\/><em>Sprendimas yra trumpas ir greitas, bet j\u012f sugalvoti nelengva.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"accordion\"><br \/>\n<div class='collapseContain hiding'>\n<div class='collapseHead'><span class='icon'><\/span>\nU\u017euomina 1\n<\/div>\n<div class='collapseBody'>Aritmetikos (<code>+-*\/<\/code>) naudoti nereikia . Tereikia naudoti reik\u0161m\u0117s priskyrim\u0105 <code>=<\/code>. Galima sukurti nauj\u0105 kintam\u0105j\u012f ;)<br \/>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='collapseContain hiding'>\n<div class='collapseHead'><span class='icon'><\/span>\nU\u017euomina 2\n<\/div>\n<div class='collapseBody'>Turime du tikslus, priskirti <code>x<\/code> reik\u0161m\u0119 <code>y<\/code>-ui ir priskirti <code>y<\/code> reik\u0161m\u0119 <code>x<\/code>-ui. Vien\u0105 reik\u0161m\u0119 priskirti galime naudodami:<\/p>\n<pre>x = y<\/pre>Kaip abu tikslus pasiekti i\u0161karto? \u010cia reikia \u201cout of the box\u201d m\u0105stymo!<br \/>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='collapseContain hiding'>\n<div class='collapseHead'><span class='icon'><\/span>\nU\u017euomina 3\n<\/div>\n<div class='collapseBody'>\u0160i program\u0117l\u0117 atrodo daug \u017eadanti:<\/p>\n<pre>x = y\r\ny = x<\/pre>Bet yra problema. Kadangi <code>x<\/code>-ui priskyrus <code>y<\/code>-o reik\u0161m\u0119, pradin\u0117s <code>x<\/code>-o reik\u0161m\u0117s nebeliks :\/. Kaip j\u0105 i\u0161saugoti, kad v\u0117liau gal\u0117tume priskirti <code>y<\/code>-ui?<br \/>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='collapseContain hiding'>\n<div class='collapseHead'><span class='icon'><\/span>\nU\u017euomina 4\n<\/div>\n<div class='collapseBody'>X pradin\u0119 reik\u0161m\u0119 galima i\u0161saugoti naujame kintamajame, pvz <code>xpradinis = x<\/code>. Po to, galima <code>x = y<\/code>. Pabaigoje, priskirk <code>y<\/code>-ui pradin\u0119 <code>x-<\/code>o reik\u0161m\u0119.<\/div><\/div><div class='collapseContain hiding'>\n<div class='collapseHead'><span class='icon'><\/span>\nU\u017euomina 5\n<\/div>\n<div class='collapseBody'><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swap_(computer_science)#Using_a_temporary_variable\">Vikipedijos nuoroda<\/a>, kurioje pseudokodo kalba pateiktas sukeitimo pavyzdys. Arba galima <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swap_by_addition_and_subtraction#Variations\">gudriai panaudoti aritmetik\u0105<\/a> kad nereikt\u0173 papildomo kintamojo (ta\u010diau \u0161is metodas veiks tik su skai\u010diais, su tekstu taip nepavykt\u0173).<\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div class=\"helpOuter\" style=\"display: none;\"><div class=\"helpInner\"><div style=\"text-align: center\">You need to create an account and log in to ask a question.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='pyboxTextwrap pyboxCodewrap RW resizy'  style='height: 526px;'><textarea wrap='off' name='usercode9' id='usercode9'  cols=10 rows=20   class='pyboxCode RW'>\n<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div id='pbhistory9' class='flexcontain' style='display:none;'><\/div>\n<div class='pyboxbuttons'><table><tr>\n<td><input type='submit' name='submit' id='submit9' value=' '\/><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='history' value=\"History\" onclick=\"historyClick(9,'1.swap')\" ><\/td>\n<td><input type='button' name='help' value=\"Help\" onclick=\"helpClick(9);\" ><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table><\/div>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"inputInUse9\" name=\"inputInUse\" value=\"Y\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pyId\" value=\"9\"\/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hash\" value=\"b548b274715d6ef4d29528957dd02c33\"\/>\n<div id='pbresults9' class='pbresults'><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>document.getElementById(\"submit9\").value = \"Run program\";document.getElementById(\"inputInUse9\").value = \"N\";<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Jei teisingai atlikai \u0161\u012f pratim\u0105, esi pasiruo\u0161\u0119s keliauti toliau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Besikei\u010diantiems duomenims\/informacijai saugoti programoje naudojami kintamieji. Jie turi vardus (pana\u0161iai kaip failai), pagal kuriuos galima duomenis pasiekti. Duomen\u0173 priskyrimo veiksmas atrodo pana\u0161iai kaip matematikoje: \u00abkintamojo vardas\u00bb = \u00abpriskiriama reik\u0161m\u0117\u00bb(Tokie \u00abdvigubi skliaustai\u00bb bus naudojami formuluo\u010di\u0173 dali\u0173 paai\u0161kinimui.) Pvz, kintamajam pinigai priskiriama &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/1-lt\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8076","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8076"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8594,"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8076\/revisions\/8594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca\/dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}